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Pavel Axelrod
Pavel Borisovich Axelrod ((ロシア語:Па́вел Бори́сович Аксельро́д); 25 August 1850 – 16 April 1928) was a Russian Menshevik.
==Early life and career==
Born Pinches Borutsch ((ロシア語:Пи́нхус Бо́рух)) to a Jewish family in town of Potscheff〔Isaac Deutscher,''The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921'' (Vintage Books: New York, 1965) p. 63.〕 (a historic city of Pochep) in Chernigov Governorate (currently in Bryansk Oblast) and raised in Shklov, a small provincial town in (currently Belarus) and Mogilev, the biggest town of the three in the Russian Empire, Axelrod was the son of a Lithuanian Jewish innkeeper.
In 1875 in Geneva, Axelrod married his former private student Nadezhda Ivanovna Kaminer. A student himself, Axelrod was Kaminer's and her sister 's tutor. Despite severe financial hardship during the first years, the marriage proved to be successful. They had three children: Vera (22.11.1875), Alexander (18.07.1879) and Sofia (14.11.1881). Nadezhda Ivanovna Axelrod-Kaminer died in 1906. To provide income for his family while in exile, Axelrod raised milk cows and produced his own kind of buttermilk which he then would sell and deliver himself to his customers.〔Isaac Deutscher, ''The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921'', p. 64.〕 Axelrod would argue politics over his milk cans.〔Isaac Deutscher, ''The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921'', p. 64.〕 His home was always a place of refuge for fugitives from Russia.〔Isaac Deutscher, ''The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921'', p. 64〕
In the mid-1880s Axelrod established his own small company producing kefir. By the end of the 1890s, Axelrod's company had offices in Zurich, Geneva, and Basel, which provided steady income and allowed him to support revolutionaries. In 1908, Axelrod sold his company in exchange for the retirement payments to him from the new owner.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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